Ribose is one of the necessary building blocks for the formation of ATP, the \"universal\" energy molecule in the body. Physical stress can deplete ATP stores in cardiac and skeletal muscles. As the rate-limiting substrate in the synthesis of nucleotides, including ATP, ribose plays a vital role in replenishing ATP, thus, enhancing energy production, improving muscle recovery and thus Muscle Edge.Jarrow Formulas Bioenergy Ribose is made by microbial fermentation and protected by U.S. patents 6,159,942, 6,534,480, 6,218,366 and 6,339,716.Key NotesPure D-Ribose PowderMay Improve Cellular Energy Levels100 % Bioenergy RiboseProduction Protected by 4 U.S. Patents IngredientsSugars,Other ingredients: Contains no other substancesAllergens: No wheat, no gluten, no soybeans, no dairy, no egg, no fish/shellfish, no peanuts/tree nuts. Directions For UseTake 1 scoop up to 3 times per day before or after exercise or as directed by your qualified healthcare professional. PrecautionsIf you have a medical condition. are pregnant, lactating, trying to conceive, under the age of 18, or taking medications, consult your healthcare professional before using this product.