Athena Isanibio Phosphatidylserine Dietary supplement It contributes to energy metabolism, to the functioning of the nervous system, to the pigmentation of the skin and hair, to the absorption of iron; supports the immune system, the basic acid metabolism and carbohydrates. Protects from oxidative stress. Useful in the establishment of myelin sheath and bile. From the writer Myprotein Ludovico Lemme , ISSA certified personal trainer and student at the SaNIS (School of Nutrition and Sport Integration). STATE OF ART Phosphatidylserine is a supplement that has been promoted a lot in the past due to its major anti-catabolic effect. The problem, as often happens, is that we get carried away and often we have misunderstood the real usefulness that this could have. It is also due to the historical period in which everything was viewed from the standpoint of anabolism = good, catabolism = bad. So let's get to understand the features and benefits it could have. FEATURES Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a phospholipid constituting the cell membrane. It is therefore composed of two fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule from a phosphate group. This structure has the particularity of presenting a head (hydrophilic) and a tail (hydrophobic). The first consists of phosphate need for water as opposed to the second consisting of fatty acids. Normally the PS is exposed on the cytoplasmic side of the cell, where removals are made to return to the root of origin from the enzymes fippasi. It was normally produced using the bovine brain. However, this process was abandoned because of the risk of mad cow. Currently the products on the market derive from soy or cabbage. However, there seem to be differences in the use of plant sources due to structural differences. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES AND BENEFITS Contrary to what is believed, the use of the molecule as a supplementation is not born in sports. In fact, there were already positive effects on memory and concentration. It was therefore widely used to improve cognitive abilities. This is a case in which there are differences between the different sources of provenance. \"The soy lecithin phosphatidylserine (S-PS) molecule contains mainly polyunsaturated acids, while the phosphatidylserine molecule isolated from the bovine brain (BC-PS) mainly contains saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and long-chain fatty acids.\" Human clinical studies have found that \"a daily supplementation with S-PS [soy-derived phosphatidylserine] does not affect memory or other cognitive functions in the elderly with memory disorders\". It must be said, however, that initial studies have shown lapars efficacy of PS derived from soy compared to that derived from bovine. Research on the ovo-PS (E-PS) seems to be more promising thanks to the presence of Omega 3 and 6 which confer fluidity to the neuronal membranes, fluidity that is essential given the function of transmitting impulses between one cell and the other. Use in Sports Let's go and see its use in sports. First of all, the athletes showed improvement in performance as well as endocrine response to sports stress. Another benefit found in the field was to reduce muscle damage in high-intensity sports such as cycling and weightlifting, but also in milder sports such as golf. It has therefore been identified as an excellent supplement against stress induced by physical activity due to its antagonistic effect against cortisol, will therefore increase the famous T / C (testosterone / cortisol ratio). This has also resulted in a promotion of a better general mood as well as feelings of \"well-being\". Another peculiarity is that these effects seem to be dose-dependent. But why does all this happen? So ... we need a few words to our \"friend\" cortisol. It is a steroid hormone (derived from cholesterol) belonging to the family of glucocorticoids. It is produced by the adrenal glands, synthesized on stimulation of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Its action is then mediated by the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11HSD) enzyme, in the two forms 11HSD1 (which transforms cortisol into cortisol) and 11HSD2 which converts cortisol into cortisone. We therefore see that the hormone is regulated by a delicate balancing process aimed at precisely weighing its circulation into the body on the basis of the specific needs of the organism (we will then go further). So to influence the picture we have two possibilities: to intervene on the regulatory enzymes (for example molecules like 7-Keto or 7-Oh behave as inhibitors of the enzyme 11-beta HSD1) or upstream on ACTH. Guess what? PS inhibits the hypothalamic release of ACTH and consequently the synthesis of cortisol from the adrenals. WAYS OF USE Administer from 1 to 3 cps 3 times a day Regarding dosages, in a study 800 mg of PS decreased cortisol levels by 30% while 400 mg did not have significant results compared to placebo. In another, 800mg has led to a decrease in cortisol levels due to 20% training. Generally, being a dose-dependent supplement, we recommend a more massive intake up to 1-1.5 grams per day. Format: 100 Capsules in Vegetable Gel